南通大学学报（社会科学版）

新时代我国耕地保护的基本国策从注重耕地数量保护提升为数量、质量、生态“三位一体”的保护，提升耕地质量已经成为耕地保护的重要内容。土地承包经营制度下，承包人的土地利用行为与耕地质量提升具有直接相关性。土地承包经营制度对于耕地质量提升目标的实现具有重要的治理作用。应当以耕地质量提升为导向对土地承包制度进行必要的改革：一是改革单纯的土地发包，将发包的土地作为数量、质量、生态“三位一体”的统一体，将耕地质量保护和提升指标纳入土地发包承包的内容；二是重构合同内容，建立土地承包合同中的耕地质量保护和提升的权利义务条款或者订立耕地质量保护和提升合同作为土地承包合同的附属合同，明确种植与耕地质量最优适配农作物的承包地用途，明确发包方对承包方耕地质量保护和提升的监督权利，明确对承包方履行耕地质量保护和提升义务的补偿和奖励，明确承包方违反耕地质量保护和提升义务的违约责任；三是建立土地承包制度与国家机关、社会服务机构在耕地质量保护和提升义务实现上的衔接机制，明确各方在耕地质量保护和提升过程中的协作、配合、利益补偿等关系，从而更好地发挥土地承包制度对耕地质量保护和提升的治理作用。

Entering the new era,the basic national policy of cultivated land protection in China has changed from focusing on the protection of cultivated land quantity to the tripled protection of quantity,quality and ecology,improving the quality of cultivated land having become an important part of cultivated land protection.Under the land contract management system,how the contractor makes use of land is directly related to the improvement of cultivated land quality.The land contract management system plays an important role in realizing the goal of improving the quality of cultivated land.A reform to the land contract system is necessary for the improvement of cultivated land quality:First,reforming the simplistic land contract method to make sure that the contracted land will be used as a‘trinity’of quantity,quality and ecology,cultivated land quality protection and promotion indicators to be incorporated into the content of land contracting.Second,reconstructing the contract content to establish the rights and obligations of cultivated land quality protection and promotion in the land contract or conclude the contract of cultivated land quality protection and promotion as the collateral contract of land contract,which clarifies the contracted land use of crops with the best quality of planting and cultivated land,and the contract-giver’s right to supervise the contractor’s protection and improvement of cultivated land quality,the compensation and reward for the contractor to fulfill the obligation of cultivated land quality protection and promotion,and the liability for breach of contract by the contractor violating the obligation to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land.Third,establishing a connection mechanism between the land contract system and the state organs and social service agencies in the realization of the obligation to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land to clarify the relationship between the parties in the process of cooperation,and interest compensation in the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality,in order to better play the role of land contract system in the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality.