南通大学学报（社会科学版）

以加快形成新发展格局推动制造业高质量发展为背景，研究中国社会主要矛盾转变对制造业发展战略与政策的系统性影响与要求，分析这种战略与政策变化的理论和实践逻辑。研究表明，当前社会主要矛盾的变化，主要表现为供需体系的总量性矛盾转化为结构性矛盾，制造业从规模竞赛进入以质量、结构、均衡为特征的三维竞赛，经济政策则必须从总量追赶与投资导向，全面转向供给侧结构性改革与扩大内需。为了促进制造业高质量发展，必须千方百计地壮大市场规模与完善市场功能，以市场增长来激励技术创新、消化冗余产能并实现顺畅的经济循环。优化制造业发展的战略与政策环境，首先需要进行供给侧结构性改革，这种改革不是简单地利用行政手段去产能，而是要重塑增长发动机，调整增长的主体和职能，把增长的主体从追求产能增长的地方政府转变为追求利润最大化的现代企业和企业集团，真正消除造成产能过剩、恶性“内卷式”竞争的微观基础。同时，必须把供给侧结构性改革与扩大内需紧密结合起来，在逐步形成以消费者为中心的现代经济增长格局中建设超大规模市场国家。

Against the backdrop of forming a new development pattern to accelerate high-quality development, this paper argues that the transformation of China's primary social contradiction has implications and requirements for the development strategy and policies of the manufacturing industry, and analyzes the theoretical and practical logic behind these strategic and policy changes. Research finds that the current transformation of the primary social contradiction primarily manifests as the conversion of total-scale contradictions in the supply-demand system into structural contradictions. Manufacturing has transitioned from a “scale competition” to a three-dimensional competition focused on “quality, structure, and balance,” while economic policies must shift comprehensively from a “total-scale catch-up and investment-driven” approach to a “supply-side structural reform and expanding domestic demand” strategy. To promote high-quality development in manufacturing, efforts must be made to expand market scale and improve market functions, using market growth to incentivize technological innovation, absorb excess capacity, and achieve smooth economic circulation. To optimize the strategic and policy environment for manufacturing development, priority is to be set on implementing supply-side structural reforms. This reform is not simply about using administrative measures to reduce capacity but about remolding growth engine and adapting growth entities and their functions, shifting the focus of growth from local governments pursuing capacity expansion to modern enterprises and corporate groups seeking profit maximization, thereby eliminating the micro-foundations that have led to long-term overcapacity and vicious internal competition. At the same time, supply-side structural reforms must be closely integrated with expanding domestic demand, building a super-large market.